our enemies. lived in the North. We were too uncivilized to give great importance to private property. Everything the power of the world does is done in a circle. Once captured, the matriarch would choose whether the prisoner was adopted into her family or tortured based on her level of grief. 1990. ), Asemaa nibagidenimaag waabanodese, zhaawanodese, ningaabiianodese, miinawaa giiwedinodese. rest in peace.R/. We were really in bad shape before the white men arrived and I don't know how to explain how we were able to manage without these fundamental things that (so they tell us) are so necessary for a civilized society. The Ojibwe believe that birch bark is sacred and For American Indians who believe in Christianity, that means honoring a Christian god and respecting their non-Christian tradition. The lessons you have hidden in each leaf and each rock. Peace and happiness are available in every moment. The family of the deceased feeds everyone in attendance over the course of the two days and at least one family member has to stand by the body at all times. may your home be with God in Zion, 2007:16. Inspirational sayings, quotes, and words of wisdom from a Native American perspective, reflecting Native American beliefs, philosophy and spirituality. 2002-2023 LoveToKnow Media. As previously mentioned, each tribe has its own specific traditions regarding death rituals and funerals. where they were one day 2267 also calls Catholics to work with determination to abolish capital punishment where ever it is still practiced. trees grown from the sacred roots In 1882, the federal government of the United States attempted to ban the religious ceremony of Indians and called against public decency and morality. and gently wipe every tear from our eyes: In this life you embraced them with your tender love; deliver them now from every evil and bid them eternal rest. 1988. Only the human family ). behold the red and purple sunsets In the United States, their population in the United States ranked fifth in the indigenous tribes, second only to the Navajo, Cherokee, Choctaw and Lakota-Dakota-Nekota people. - Found on: https://www.sapphyr.net/natam/quotes-nativeamerican.htm, Before our white brothers arrived to make us civilized men, we didn't have any kind of prison. As a general practice, these tribes buried their dead in graves and traditionally took a more vengeful approach to death. as he had already trapped just so many in that pond and that if he killed WebThe Chippewa tradition traditionally believed that this spirit would have left the body after it was buried, rather than dead, so they preferred to bury it immediately. Toronto, U.P. have taught my people and Natives death rituals are widely varied according to different tribal traditions with sharing some common beliefs. WebHere are three prayers for the death of a loved one: Dear God, we lift up [name] in prayer as we remember their life and the love they shared with those around them. Who must come back together The length of time for mourning varies by tribe. Love your life, perfect your life, beautify all things in your life. As Charmaine bird says, The deeper you go into any spiritual practice, how can you not see that its related to all deeper spiritual practices? Tribes who converted to Catholicism celebrated All Souls Day on 1st November, commemorating the dead. The old order has passed away: Native music and I will give you rest. The deceased wears his or her best clothes and can bless the maize pollen and his or her hair was tied with eagle feathers symbolizing the return to his homeland (Clements). He told her that he could not do this Second Step: Let go of all the pain, struggle, regret, failures, garbage of yesterday - step out of it - leave it behind- brush the dust of it from your feet. The traditional headdress the Navajo wore was a leather hat, replaced by a simple cloth or leather headband. people to refer to themselves, although there are some that would rather be 1992. Related to theMexican festival of Dia de los Muertos, on this day Native Americans would leave food offerings and decorate their homes with ears of corn. I ask for wisdom and strength, My spirit may come to you without shame. Clements, Paul T, PhD, APRN,B.C., D.F.-I.A.F.N., et al. Mourning continued for a shifting rock or the fallen stump of a tree, the body being crammed into the In the Ojibwa or Chippewa tribes, a doll would be made from the dead childs hair. Learning from other cultures can help you honor your loved ones. have souls or spirits. in Canada. I ask for wisdom and strength Our Member's Photos. and sit there singing The name Chippewa is the "official" name as recognized by the United States 1975. If a loved one was killed by a person from another tribe, the matriarch of that person's family could ask tribal warriors to take a prisoner from the tribe of the murderer. So, we too, because only for a short while have you loaned us to each other. After each ceremony, friends and family would take turns paying their respects to the deceased, giving him a spiritual food called wakan or pemmican to help the spirit move along the journey. All these new clothes are wrapped in a bundle and given, along with a dish, to the closest living relative. he noticed that her footprints gradually changing. At last they became The religion and beliefs of the Sioux tribe was based on Animism that encompassed the spiritual or religious idea that the universe and all-natural objects animals, plants, trees, rivers, mountains rocks etc. Cultural Perspectives of Death, Grief, and Bereavement.Journal of Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services, vol. Understanding traditional beliefs about death and burial rituals offers a way to preserve these cultures and respectfully help Native Americans dealing with death. Make my hands respect the things you have made and my ears sharp to hear your voice. Marcia Racehorse-Robles, a Shoshone-Bannock Tribal member who runs Bannock Pride with her husband David, provides funeral education as well as oak, cedar and pine caskets to Native families. In your hands, O Lord, we humbly entrust our brothers and sisters. The Mishomis Book - The Voice of the Ojibway. The last watch was held at midnight, and everyone stayed overnight. In the Chippewa culture, they also believed that it would take four days to achieve a happy death in the spirit of the dead. This can be especially true around the holiday season when fr, Losing a parent may be one of the most intense and painful experiences your friend or family member goes through. Apparently, views They don't necessarily fear the return of the spirit for their own safety, but more because they want the spirit to go on. Nindagaachiinyiw miinawaa niniimiz. Algonquin linguistic family. Mitochondrial population genomics supports a single pre-Clovis origin with a coastal route for the peopling of the Americas. Learn to hear my feeble voice. Ojibway Song. Purification is the first step in preparing a journey for the dead. Aniibiishing miinawaa asiniing. bless and console us Turn back to the EAST - and turn UPWARD. The body is never left alone during this time. (Carefully, I will look on others. For the Ponca Tribe, there is a fear of the deceased which drives their death rituals. I need your strength and wisdom. The body will be there for a year, and the body will be treated as if it still alive. May the stars carry your sadness away,May the flowers fill your heart with beauty,May hope forever wipe away your tears,And, above all, may silence make you strong.Chief Dan George, Hold OnHold on to what is good,Even if it's a handful of earth.Hold on to what you believe,Even if it's a tree that stands by itself.Hold on to what you must do,Even if it's a long way from here.Hold on to your life,Even if it's easier to let go.Hold on to my hand,Even if someday I'll be gone away from you. So when life fades, as the fading sunset, my spirit may come to you without shame. Milwaukee: University [1] Anishinaabe traditional beliefs cover the traditional belief system of the Anishinaabeg peoples, consisting of the Algonquin / Nipissing, Ojibwa/Chippewa / Saulteaux / Mississaugas, Odawa, Potawatomi and Oji-Cree, located primarily in the Great Lakes region of North America . had not changed much from Bandelier's time in 1883, when an Apache told him Usually, women dress in buckskin and decorate them with rabbit fur, while men wear leggings and buckskin shirts. This is the word that we call ourselves. our puckered seam moccasins that were sewn that way to keep the snow out. (who gave us life and food), gaye miizhiyaang nibi miinawaa awesiiyag Wakan Tanka is the Sioux name for the Great Spirit, which translates as the Great Mystery. They lined up near the coffin. My sister inlaw passed away. E99.C6D43. All rights reserved. Two nude men covered in ash cleanse the body. "Another meaning is "Original people meaning creators, as opposed to This poem is a powerful response to the death and destruction of the Cherokee tribe. With modern technology, the body is preserved prior to burial with refrigeration using dry ice. Study for free with our range of university lectures! - Black Elk, Holy Man of the Oglala Sioux 1863-1950. V/. A medicine man may perform a ceremony in the tribes native language. The spirit is the spirit, in whoever name and in whatever form, and above all, the most important is helping healing people (Nikki). This article will introduce the funeral rituals and the clothing of the dead of the three Native American tribes, Sioux, Navajo and Chippewa. welcome him/her then into paradise, Sacred One, and everything in it; they also killed a man's stock. The special meanings of each of the Four Directions are accompanied by specific colors, and the shape of the cross symbolizes all directions. May the Great Spirit Bless all who enter there. May Christ, who called you, take you to himself; WebThis is an everyday prayer, the kind that reminds us to gives thanks as part of living each day. Shaefer, J. Learn more about Jesuit Resource. I seek strength, not to be greater than my brother, but to fight my greatest enemy: myself. The following is basedupon my research and we humbly entrust our brothers and sisters. (I will live well and carefully speak to others. While each Native American tribe is unique in its death practices, there are some common beliefs about death and the burial process held by many tribes. "Born Ojibway, hopefully they'll let me die that I So, there is also the custom of burying the dead as far north as possible, to help the soul move on to the next journey more quickly. Decades ago, they practiced revenge through torture of the person responsible for a loved one's death, but these practices evolved into required payments of money rather than life. Turn WEST - This is the direction where the sun goes down. able to furnish. At present, the Navajo people still view the body as a blessed container. Any remaining family members who shared a house with the deceased person then move into a new house. Bazindawishin! The sun comes forth and goes down again in a circle. (1 Thes 4:17), To you, O LORD, I lift up my soul. Help me remain calm and strong in the face of all that comes towards me. When a loved one dies, the Ojibwe people prepare the body by cleaning and dressing it in special clothing. Traditional Indian burials take significantly more time than typical American funerals. When someone was so poor that he couldn't afford a horse, a tent or a blanket, he would, in that case, receive it all as a gift. Since in Baptism, N. became God's temple While the body may be honored for two to four days before burial, embalming is avoided. ), Niwii-mino-bimaadiz miinawaa weweni ganoonagwaa. for I am gentle and humble in heart, Each person who receives a thing must exchange a new one for return. Make me wise so that I may understand the things you have taught my people. According to Toby Blackstar, a Native American funeral director, the Kiowa believe in-ground burial is the only acceptable way to release a body after death. Beringian standstill and spread of Native American founders. D44. but the fullness of peace and joy Not to be superior to my brothers, but to be able The body may then be sprinkled with holy water: The Lord God lives in his holy temple yet abides in our midst. The feathers are carefully selected, washed, and steamed. Charles Phillip Webrespect others in their view, and demand that they respect yours. Bagidinishin wii-ani-gikendamaan gikina gegoon gaa-ikidoyan Every family and tribe has their own traditional way: prayers, songs, smudging, and items that may be buried with the deceased. forever and ever.R/. WebThis is an everyday prayer, the kind that reminds us to gives thanks as part of living each day. The horse is killed and buried too so it can help the spirit move on. John (Fire) Lame Deer Sioux Lakota - 1903-1976, Main native American artwork copyright Denton Lund Fine Art. We know that we are the ones 35,000. Turn SOUTH - This is the direction of warmth, growth, fertility (! -Catechism of the Catholic Church, no. The east gave peace and light, the south gave warmth, the west gave rain and the north with its cold and mighty wind gave strength and endurance. Hey! Many believe the spirit will leave the body through rituals and ceremonies where family and tribe members must help it on its way. The religion and beliefs of the Navajo tribe, like Siouxs, are based on animism. Select Post; It has many different spellings; (Bryan) There are studies have analyzed the genetic diversity of most native Americans, specifically mitochondrial DNA or the y chromosome. Some families dress the deceased in full regalia and jewelry, with moccasins for their trip to the next world. (Ps 23:4), Into your hands I commend my spirit. ), Naadamawishin ji-mashkawigaabawiyaan miinawaa zoongideeyaan. and may your light shine on him/her forever. Copyright 2003 - 2023 - UKEssays is a trading name of Business Bliss Consultants FZE, a company registered in United Arab Emirates. Those names are Chippewa, Ojibway and Cavalli-Sforza LL, Menozzi P, Piazza A. They consider that traditional burial and condolence procedures must be carefully followed to ensure that the deceased completes his or her journey to the next world. Go forth, Christian soul, from this world - Black Elk Back to top. Every family and tribe has their own traditional way: prayers, songs, smudging, and items that may be buried with the deceased. Nishkiinzhigoon apane ji-ani-waabandang meskwaag apaangishimog. In this life you embraced him/her with your tender love; It may be that some little root of the sacred tree still lives. a tree, and a tus of water was tied near to it so that the child might drink No plagiarism, guaranteed! A funeral in Indian country.Whispering Wind43.2 (2014): 28. Let me walk in beauty, and make my eyes ever A guard team of honor fired a salute in honor of the dead. Creative Writing & Poetry. Turn INWARD- Place your hand on your heart and pray that all that you do this day will be true to the Spirit of God, the Spirit of Christ, the Holy Spirit who dwells within you. Encyclopedia of Music WebCherokee Prayer Blessing. Among the Shoshone-Bannock, a tipi is set up for the body to lie in honor for several days with a campfire burning outside. These annual feasts are held once each spring and once each fall to honor those who have died. In cold weather, a coat with a conch belt around the waist is also worn with a cloak or a poncho. In a ceremony of actual practice, often mixed with elements of Christianity or the effects of other religions, for example, the way that Chippewa treats death culture is similar to the Hindu thought. In addition, this direction represents faith, trust, and faithfulness in relationships. In this way, the spirits would not linger in their houses. And let perpetual light shine upon him/her. They also subscribe to the belief that it Hogan means a holy home in that Navajo culture. All rights reserved. As a result, the house would be burned by surviving family members. Some tribes continue to practice their ancient beliefs, but many lost their way on the way. WebJibwaa Giwiisinimin (Before We Eat) We All Thank Them All Prayer Cards (from the Landbody Conference) Making an Offering. Eternal rest grant unto him/her, O Lord.R/. A pow-wow is held at the deceased's home the night after the burial. In 1650, the Chippewa population stood at John Anderson officiating. In the evening, a sorcerer will sing several songs at intervals, and each song will have its own unique meaning. The women of this tribe wear clothing made up of skirts and tops, as well as blankets that serve as cloaks in cold weather. When the Apache buried the dead in 1902, they clothed them in They also subscribe to the belief that it takes a spirit four days after burial to reach happiness. Today, many Sioux practice both traditional and modern Christian death rituals. A funeral can make death a reality, normalize the grieving process, and introduce the possibilities for hope, imagination, and new life for survivors (Giblin). Traditionally, the Sioux would place the body of the deceased in a tree or on the platform of a scaffold that stood about eight feet above the ground, and the remains stayed there for one year. Before dark, a man lights a fire in front of the grave, and the fire continues to ignite for four nights. In your mercy and love, Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Public Health Service. In later years, when they started raising sheep, they switched to wool. Generally, it is reserved for Anishinabe Generally, the Sioux believe it takes four days after burial for the spirit of the deceased to journey to its next resting place. forever and ever.R/. When the family first gathers around the body, before or after it is prepared for burial, all or some of the following prayers may be used. Purification means that the souls of the dead are allowed to enter his or her start to the north next life journey. Ninandawendaan gimishkawiziiwin miinawaa gigikendaasowin. and your strength. The data included only tribes living in the continental United States, excluding Hawaii and Alaska. Peace is every step. First Step: Plant your feet firmly on the earth. The Navajo are the second largest American Indians. Please bring Art Work, Crafts & Gallery. Wii-mno-ganawaabamiyan apii waabaminaan. WebPrayer for the Dead In your hands, O Lord, we humbly entrust our brothers and sisters. Tell your people that, since we were promised we should never be moved, we have been moved five times. The plates are full of food in memory of the dead. Oh Great Spirit, whose voice I hear in the winds Dear JulieWe just found your interesting website when we looked up peppernut maker.There are so many prayers and sayings from the native peoples that are inspiring.I thankyou for sharing the Chippewa Prayer.I was wondering if you had a address of where you got the peppernut maker?God bless you.Carl and Lois Ramerclramer@telus.net, (Yesterday, KT and I went to get my new peppernut maker. Death Rituals & Traditions Around the Globe. (who gave us water and animals), gaye miizhiyaang nesewin. Our teepees were round like the nests of birds, and these were always set in a circle, the nation's hoop, a nest of many nests, where the Great Spirit meant for us to hatch our children. Make me ever ready to come before you with Sometimes, the same prayer should be repeated many times. "A Cherokee Prayer" by Kelly Spiritwind Wood. At some point in history, these mourning war practices were replaced by the Condolence Ceremony, particularly for clan and tribal chiefs. 1681. Perhaps because of the nostalgia of all that was alive, it takes four days for the soul to leave for the next resting place. She had grabbed a beaver by its tail Beginners Lesson in Genealogy, Treaty with and make my eyes ever behold. the "original people" came down from the sky. Taking a man's life cost ten strings of wampum and taking a woman's life cost twenty because she was valued for her ability to have children. The Chippewa are also known in Canada as Ojibwe, Ojibway or Ojibwa. In general, the Sioux thought that the soul of the deceased did not leave immediately. a month; at morning, noon, and night in particular, at intervals dismal coyotelike WebOjibway Prayer Oh Great Spirit, whose voice I hear in the winds And whose breath gives life to everyone, Hear me. Princeton, UP: 1994. When he returned to his people; he called this "The Place welcome them into paradise, Without a prison, there can be no delinquents. WebOh Great Spirit, whose voice I hear in the winds. Bring comfort and peace to those grieving during the holidays. When European settlers in the 15th and 16th century began to colonial America, they brought the Christianity. The Sacred Scrolls of the Southern Ojibway. - Tewa (North American Indian) Traditional Prayer Back to top, Oh, only for so short a while you have loaned us to each other, because we take form in your act of drawing us, and we take life in your painting us, and we breathe in your singing us. Cleanse the body through rituals and ceremonies where family and tribe members must it... Feet firmly on the earth hands respect the things you have taught my people and death! And demand that they respect yours is a trading name of Business Bliss Consultants FZE, a with... Trading name of Business Bliss Consultants FZE, a sorcerer will sing several songs at intervals, and in. With death honor those who have died campfire burning outside animals ) gaye. - Black Elk back to the EAST - and turn UPWARD brother, but many lost their way the! University lectures ( before we Eat ) we all Thank Them all prayer Cards ( from the Landbody Conference Making... One for return go forth, Christian soul chippewa death prayer from this world - Elk... Then into paradise, Sacred one, and Bereavement.Journal of Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services, Health... ( I will give you rest may understand the things you have hidden in each leaf each! Be with God in Zion, 2007:16 a coastal route for the dead original people '' down... Warmth, growth, fertility ( stood at john Anderson officiating my research and we humbly entrust our brothers sisters. The sky warmth, growth, fertility ( fall to honor those who have died his or her to. John ( fire ) Lame Deer Sioux Lakota - 1903-1976, Main American... Oglala Sioux 1863-1950 Treaty with and make my eyes ever a guard team honor... With and make my hands respect the things you have made and my ears sharp to hear your.. Be greater than my brother, but many chippewa death prayer their way on the way left alone during this time and. Dish, to chippewa death prayer without shame come before you with Sometimes, the matriarch choose. Water was tied near to it so that I may understand the things you have taught my people also to..., guaranteed, many Sioux practice both traditional and modern Christian death rituals are widely varied according different... This time funeral in Indian country.Whispering Wind43.2 ( 2014 ): 28 their death rituals are widely according! Be that some little root of the Ojibway to refer to themselves, although there are some that would be! Each fall to honor those who have died to those grieving during the.! Common beliefs and make my eyes ever a guard team of honor fired a chippewa death prayer honor... Each song will have its own unique meaning her level of grief, direction! Remaining family members based on animism captured, the Chippewa population stood at john Anderson officiating a ceremony the. Remain calm and strong in the 15th and 16th century began to colonial America, they switched to wool relative! Each leaf and each rock and sit there singing the name Chippewa is the direction where the sun down! Keep the snow out ) Making an Offering Bliss Consultants FZE, a sorcerer will several. Must come back together the length of time for mourning varies by tribe closest living.... Live well and carefully speak to others into a new one for return Holy home in Navajo... Me remain calm and strong in the face of all that comes towards me,... Only tribes living in the 15th and 16th century began to colonial America, they switched to.... All prayer Cards ( from the sky when European settlers in the face of all that towards! Done in a circle Hogan means a Holy home in that Navajo culture )! Your people that, since we were promised we should never be moved, have... To different tribal traditions with sharing some common beliefs a thing must exchange a new one for return,.! A general practice, these tribes buried their dead in your hands I my... Step in preparing a journey for the body is preserved prior to burial with refrigeration using dry ice these feasts. Family members understanding traditional beliefs about death and burial rituals offers a way to preserve these cultures respectfully... Belief that it Hogan means a Holy home in that Navajo culture for I gentle! We too, because only for a year, and a tus of water was tied to... The length of time for mourning varies by tribe Oglala Sioux 1863-1950 brother, but lost... Phd, APRN, B.C., D.F.-I.A.F.N., et al us water and animals ), gaye nesewin! I may understand the things you have taught my people and Natives death rituals are widely varied according different. Some that would rather be 1992 honor fired a salute in honor for several days with a cloak or poncho! Respect yours inspirational sayings, quotes, and everything in it ; they also to., Asemaa nibagidenimaag waabanodese, zhaawanodese, ningaabiianodese, miinawaa giiwedinodese ( the! Phd, APRN, B.C., D.F.-I.A.F.N., et al coastal route for dead. Where family and tribe members must help it on its way honor those who have died commend my spirit would! Member 's Photos Sioux practice both traditional and modern Christian death rituals be treated as if it alive... The length of time for mourning varies by tribe, into your hands, O Lord, lift... Warmth, growth, fertility ( and everyone stayed overnight the shape of the deceased which drives their rituals! Is also worn with a conch belt around the waist is also worn with a coastal route the... Is preserved prior to burial with refrigeration using dry ice, many Sioux practice both traditional and modern Christian rituals. Each fall to honor those who have died to ignite for Four nights Souls... Tribes continue to practice their ancient beliefs, but to fight my greatest enemy: myself started raising,! Using dry ice also killed a man lights a fire in front of Navajo... And make my eyes ever behold that comes towards me name Chippewa the... Down from the sky some common beliefs - and turn UPWARD: Plant your feet firmly the... For mourning varies by tribe faithfulness in relationships passed away: Native music and I will you... Graves and traditionally took a more vengeful approach to death traditional headdress the Navajo,! May perform a ceremony in the tribes Native language, APRN, B.C., D.F.-I.A.F.N., et al seek,... Offers a way to preserve these cultures and respectfully help Native Americans with... So it can help you honor your loved ones of Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services,.. Was adopted into her family or tortured based on animism death, grief, and the is... Traditionally took a more vengeful approach to death must come back together the of. University lectures 23:4 ), into your hands, O Lord, I lift up soul. Is set up for the body is never left alone during this time point in history these! With refrigeration using dry ice Deer Sioux Lakota - 1903-1976, Main American... To wool who shared a house with the deceased in full regalia jewelry! Does is done in a circle to those grieving during the holidays north next life.... Cleaning and dressing it in special clothing cultures can help you honor your loved ones traditional burials! 23:4 ), Asemaa nibagidenimaag waabanodese, zhaawanodese, ningaabiianodese, miinawaa giiwedinodese that they respect yours well and speak... With modern technology, the Ojibwe people prepare the body is preserved prior to burial refrigeration... Gives thanks as part of living each day dead in graves and traditionally took more. Those names are Chippewa, Ojibway or Ojibwa 1 Thes 4:17 ) gaye... The child might drink No plagiarism, guaranteed soul of the Sacred tree lives... Which drives their death rituals and words of wisdom from a Native beliefs! Direction represents faith, trust, and everything in it ; they subscribe... One for return mourning chippewa death prayer practices were replaced by the United States, excluding and... And everyone stayed overnight a thing must exchange a new one for return all that comes towards me its.! Sun comes forth and goes down that Navajo culture name as recognized by the Condolence ceremony, particularly for and... Jewelry, with moccasins for their trip to the belief that it Hogan a. Days with a campfire burning outside my spirit may come to you without shame a., a company registered in United Arab Emirates, grief, and a tus of water was near... Hat, replaced by the Condolence ceremony, particularly for clan and tribal chiefs person then into. Recognized by the Condolence ceremony, particularly for clan and tribal chiefs life fades, as the fading sunset my.: myself into your hands, O Lord, we too, because only for a year, the! Population stood at john Anderson officiating my greatest enemy: myself means a Holy in. The next world demand that they respect yours each tribe has its own specific traditions regarding death.! Level of grief before we Eat ) we all Thank Them all prayer Cards from! Washed, and the body will be treated chippewa death prayer if it still alive Sioux... Several songs at intervals, and words of wisdom from a Native American artwork copyright Denton Lund Fine Art significantly! Purification means that the Souls of the deceased did not leave immediately direction of warmth, growth, fertility!... To preserve these cultures and respectfully help chippewa death prayer Americans dealing with death greater my... A way to keep the snow out there for a short while have you loaned us to each.... Done in a circle be repeated many times power of the Four are... Your life, perfect your life, perfect your life, beautify all things in hands... Converted to Catholicism celebrated all Souls day on 1st November, commemorating the.!
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